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PDR / The devices we handle / External drives of every size

Devices · the disk that travels in a bag

External drive recovery, Plymouth. Two machines in that box, and the disk is rarely the broken one.

Open one up and you have a bare hard disk and a small bridge board wired in between that disk and the USB socket. Those boards fail on their own account, and on most models they are also holding the encryption keys. Factor in what a rucksack does to a spinning disk on the way across Plymouth, and there are two possible faults to separate before recovery begins.

Nothing readable? Most jobs carry no bill Free diagnosis, then one written price Boxes come to the lab from Truro, Newquay and Tavistock

You will be talking to an engineer
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Most weeks bring one of these. Routine bench work.

Not listed? Try the triage →
Getting it to us: wrap it so nothing can shift, cover it for what it is worth, and post it tracked to the intake lab in Bristol. We cover the postage back. If you want an engineer to check the packing before the box is taped, ring first. It is spelled out on the contact page.

The makes that turn up most weeks.

Western DigitalMy Book · Elements · My Passport, the WD portables we see most. We handle more of these than any other make.
SeagateBackup Plus · Expansion · One Touch — some run off the bus, some off the mains.
LaCieThe d2 and the Rugged. Owned by Seagate, favoured in film and photography, and prone to beeping when a spindle binds.
Toshiba & VerbatimToshiba's Canvio and Verbatim's Store 'n' Go. The internals differ, and so does the manner in which each one fails.

What the messages are telling you.

Not on the list? →
What shows upWhat that points toWhat to do
The drive is not accessible. Windows offers to format it before it will open.A lead pulled out during a write left the volume RAW; what sits below it is intactIgnore that prompt
USB device not recognized — Windows can put no name to itNothing appears — the bridge or the diskTry one other lead, then leave it
Device Manager lists it as Unknown USB Device (Device Descriptor Request Failed)Windows is handed no device identity whateverThe bridge has gone — bench job
Data error (cyclic redundancy check) — the drive will not openFailing sectors on the disk behind itUnplug it and leave it alone
Disk Management shows RAW, or Not InitializedWindows cannot read the partition table, so it proposes wiping the lotRefuse. Initialising finishes it.
Windows reports a malfunctioning USB device on every port triedThe 5V rail in the housing has failed, or the bridge hasCircuit boards fail long before platters ever do

What happens to an external drive while it is here.

Cases in the log →
01

A number on arrival, then the free diagnosis Free

Whatever arrives is booked in under a case number on the day it reaches the bench. An engineer then works out the actual fault, and that part is free. You get a plain answer on what can come off the drive and what cannot, followed by one price in writing. Nothing further happens until you have read it and agreed.

Diagnosis at no chargeA single written figureYou owe nothing yet
02

The housing, then the disk

One question comes before all the rest: has the housing failed, or has the disk? A great many externals turn up completely inert — LaCie and Iomega more than most — and the disk sitting behind that dead board turns out to be sound.

Housing or disk, establishedThe bridge tested on its own
03

Which part does the encrypting

This is not a feature anyone enables; it ships enabled. The question that matters is which component performs it — the housing, or the disk. On most portables the bridge does it, so the keys live on that board and never reach the platters. Lift them off and sectors that looked like noise resolve into folders again.

Keys lifted off your own boardOpened, never guessed at
04

Imaged, rebuilt, returned

Before any other step a hardware imager takes a sector-by-sector copy. Every rebuild is performed against that copy, never against the drive you sent. Whatever comes back goes home on new media, with return postage at our expense.

Rebuilt from the cloneYour disk left alone
05

You give the word, and it ships back

Thinking it over costs you nothing. Everything the drive gave up is listed for you before any invoice exists, and the bill only follows your go-ahead. Files travel back on media bought in for your job, with return carriage paid at this end, and the case stays on the bench until you confirm they open on your own computer.

You see the list and decideWritten to fresh mediaWe pay the postage home

The faults we see most

  • My Passport drives encrypt even where no password was ever set — the bridge does that work, which leaves a bare disk worthless. The single key it needs sits on the board it left the factory with. Which is why the entire unit has to arrive undisturbed.
  • Decline the initialise offer whenever Windows announces that a disk is unreadable. Where the housing is doing the encryption, that single click can make an ordinary job unfinishable.
  • Flash inside changes nothing — take away the moving parts and firmware, a controller and a bridge remain, each able to go by itself. 2023 demonstrated that on a large scale. The ways they break alter; the exposure does not.
  • Connectors fail before mechanisms do — the solder on USB-C and micro-USB ports fractures while the disk behind it still has years in hand.

Worth knowing: across 2023, people using SanDisk Extreme portable SSDs at 2TB and 4TB reported files vanishing with no warning at all. A US class action followed against Western Digital, and a firmware update issued while it was running settled nothing. Should yours be behaving oddly, get an image taken of it now.

A job out of the casebook.

PL · PLY-2026-0788LOGGED ✓

Nine days to the hand-in, and the Passport started ticking

The ticking started nine days before the hand-in. A matched donor stack was fitted, then the copy was taken at deliberately low speed. On a Passport the encryption keys sit on the bridge board, so that is where they were lifted from. Every chapter and reference came back, with a week left before the deadline.

100% of the thesis72 hours on the bench

Before you seal the box.

Get these done

  • Include the housing and the cable, whatever state they are in
  • Any change in the sound: take the power off
  • Two similar drives? Mark which is which
  • Post it whole and unscrew nothing

What to avoid

  • Throwing away the emptied housing
  • Agreeing to initialise an unreadable disk
  • Fitting the disk into another caddy
  • Running recovery software across USB at a dying disk

Questions that come up most weeks.

The housing has snapped. Do I take the disk out?

No. Send everything as it stands, whatever state the shell is in. On most portables the encrypting is done by the USB board, not by the disk, so a perfectly good disk arriving by itself gives us ciphertext.

Windows offers to format the drive. Do I let it?

No. All that message means is that Windows has failed to identify the file system, and it tells you nothing at all about the contents. Agree to it and you overwrite the exact structures a rebuild would be worked out from.

It stopped working the week we moved house. Why?

Removal vans are unkind to disks: hours of vibration, a fair amount of being thrown about, and a change of temperature at the far end. A mechanism already marginal will often decline to spin up once it arrives. We see it constantly.

The caddy is finished. Is the disk still readable?

Almost always. Whatever shape the casing is in matters very little to us. Three things do: how the disk itself is, how its own circuit board is, and whether the bridge chip retains enough function to surrender the keys.

A drive that stays switched off gets no worse.

The diagnosis is free, and it comes back as a list: which files read, which do not, and what getting them off would take. Until then, leave the drive unplugged.

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